Conception et développement d'un SIG 3D dans une approche de service Web : exemple d'une application en modélisation géologique

Plusieurs domaines d’application comme la géologie, l’archéologie, ou l’architecture requièrent une gestion explicite de la 3e dimension pour aider, appuyer et réaliser adéquatement leur processus d’analyse et de prise de décision. Mais avons-nous à disposition les outils adéquats qui gèrent explicitement cette 3e dimension tout en appuyant la prise de décision dans des contextes spatiaux? Par exemple, les outils de conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) offrent plusieurs fonctionnalités pour réaliser la modélisation volumique, mais sont plus limités quant aux fonctionnalités d’analyse spatiale et d’interrogation des données descriptives. Les systèmes d’information géographiques (SIG) et les systèmes de gestion de base de données (SGBD) spatiaux, quant à eux, permettent de visualiser et stocker certaines formes de modèles 3D mais n’offrent que très peu des fonctionnalités de modélisation et d’analyse que ces systèmes offrent habituellement pour le 2D. Du côté de la standardisation, l’ISO et l’OGC ont commencé à réviser certains standards comme le Schéma Spatial ISO 19107 et le Geography Markup Language (GML) afin de normaliser la gestion de la 3e dimension des données géométriques. Ce travail de recherche présente un inventaire des capacités 3D des principales géotechnologies et propose ce que nous pourrions nommer les caractéristiques fondamentales d’un SIG 3D s’appuyant sur une architecture multi tiers (client, serveur et base de données) et exploitant le concept de service Web. Cette architecture offre à partir d’un outil-client des capacités de modélisation 3D et d’interrogation des propriétés spatiales et descriptives d’un modèle 3D stocké au sein d’une base de données sur un serveur distant. Le tout, réalisé à travers le Web et implémentant les standards tels que le WFS, le GML et le Schéma Spatial ISO 19107. Pour valider ces propositions, le développement d’un prototype le Web Geological Feature Server (WGFS) a été réalisé. Le WGFS s’appuie en grande partie sur des composants logiciels open source et donne accès en lecture et en écriture à partir du logiciel CAO Gocad à des données géologiques 3D stockées en format XML dans une base de données MySQL. Son serveur d’applications (Tomcat couplé à Deegree), regroupe la logique applicative ainsi que les bases d’une bibliothèque d’opérateurs spatiaux 3D dont un premier opérateur, le 3D « bounding box », a été implémenté.Several application domains like Geology, Archeology and Architecture require an explicit management of the 3rd dimension to adequately support the analysis and decision-making process. But do we currently have the adequate tools to manage this 3rd dimension? For example, Computer Assisted Design (CAD) systems are reliable for modeling solids but have limited capability for spatial analysis and data storage. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Database Management Systems (DBMS) can handle visualization and storage for some 3D models but they only offer a small portion of the modeling and analysis capacities that they generally offer in 2D. Meanwhile, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Open Geospatial Consortium OGC started to update some of their standards like the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema and the Geography Markup Language (GML) in order to normalize the management of the 3rd dimension of spatial data. The current study provides a report on the capabilities of available geotechnologies to manage 3D spatial data and presents the fundamental characteristics of a new 3D-GIS based on a multi-tiered approach (client, server and database) with built-in web services. The architecture of this system provides a user with geometrical modeling, spatial analysis and querying capabilities of a 3D model stored with his descriptive properties in a database on a remote server. All this, carried out through the Web and implementing standards such as the WFS specification, the GML language and the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema. To test the feasibility of these proposals, a prototype of a Web Geological Feature Server (WGFS) is developed. The WGFS is an open source based framework that provides read/write access from the CAD software Gocad to 3D geological data (extracted from SIGEOM database) stored in XML format in a MySQL database. Its application server (Tomcat coupled to Deegree), gathers applicative logic as well as the bases of a 3D spatial operators library whose first operator, the 3D bounding box, has been implemented

Synthetic anionic surfaces can replace microparticles in stimulating burst coagulation of blood plasma

Biomaterials are frequently evaluated for pro-coagulant activity but usually in the presence of microparticles (MPs), cell-derived vesicles in blood plasma whose phospholipid surfaces allow coagulation factors to set up as functional assemblies. We tested the hypothesis that synthetic anionic surfaces can catalyze burst thrombin activation in human blood plasma in the absence of MPs. In a thromboelastography (TEG) assay with plastic sample cups and pins, recalcified human citrated platelet-poor plasma spontaneously burst-coagulated but with an unpredictable clotting time whereas plasma depleted of MPs by ultracentrifugation failed to coagulate. Coagulation of MP-depleted plasma was restored in a dose-dependent manner by glass microbeads, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs), and carboxylic acid-containing anionic nanocoatings of TEG cups and pins (coated by glow-discharge plasma-polymerized ethylene containing oxygen, L-PPE:O with 4.4 and 6.8 atomic % [COOH]). Glass beads lost their pro-coagulant activity in MP-depleted plasma after their surfaces were nanocoated with hydrophobic plasma-polymerized hexamethyl disiloxane (PP-HMDSO). In FXII-depleted MP-depleted plasma, glass microbeads failed to induce coagulation, however, FXIa was sufficient to induce coagulation in a dose-dependent manner, with no effect of glass beads. These data suggest that anionic surfaces of crystalline, organic, and amorphous solid synthetic materials catalyze explosive thrombin generation in MP-depleted plasma by activating the FXII-dependent intrinsic contact pathway. The data also show that microparticles are pro-coagulant surfaces whose activity has been largely overlooked in many coagulation studies to-date. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which anionic biomaterial surfaces induce bone healing by contact osteogenesis, through fibrin clot formation in the absence of platelet activation.Fil: Contreras García, Angel. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics. Groupe de Physique et Technologie des Couches Minces; CanadáFil: D'elía, Noelia Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; Argentina. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics; CanadáFil: Desgagné, Maxime. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics; CanadáFil: Lafantaisie Favreau, Charles Hubert. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics; CanadáFil: Rivard, Georges Étienne. CHU Sainte-Justine; CanadáFil: Ruiz, Juan Carlos. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Wertheimer, Michael Robert. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics. Groupe de Physique et Technologie des Couches Minces; Canadá. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Institute of Biomedical Engineering; CanadáFil: Messina, Paula Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Hoemann, Caroline Dieckmann. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Department of Engineering Physics; Canadá. École Polytechnique de Montréal. Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Canad

Maternal Body Mass Index Is Associated with Profile Variation in Circulating MicroRNAs at First Trimester of Pregnancy

Many women enter pregnancy with overweight and obesity, which are associated with complications for both the expectant mother and her child. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate many biological processes, including energy metabolism. Our study aimed to identify first trimester plasmatic miRNAs associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) in early pregnancy. We sequenced a total of 658 plasma samples collected between the 4th and 16th week of pregnancy from two independent prospective birth cohorts (Gen3G and 3D). In each cohort, we assessed associations between early pregnancy maternal BMI and plasmatic miRNAs using DESeq2 R package, adjusting for sequencing run and lane, gestational age, maternal age at the first trimester of pregnancy and parity. A total of 38 miRNAs were associated (FDR q < 0.05) with BMI in the Gen3G cohort and were replicated (direction and magnitude of the fold change) in the 3D cohort, including 22 with a nominal p-value < 0.05. Some of these miRNAs were enriched in fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. We identified first trimester plasmatic miRNAs associated with maternal BMI. These miRNAs potentially regulate fatty acid metabolism-related pathways, supporting the hypothesis of their potential contribution to energy metabolism regulation in early pregnancy